Timeline: Ametha Ankrum: Art's List

1859 - Yes, date unknown

	Date	Event(s)
1	1859	1859: The drilling of an oil well in Titusville, Pennsylvania, changes the way most Americans light their homes, as kerosene made from the oil replaces whale oil and candles.
2	1861	18 1861: Abraham Lincoln becomes president. The American Civil War begins when Confederate troops capture Fort Sumpter in Charleston, South Carolina.
3	1863	1863: President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring freedom for enslaved persons living in states under the control of the Confederacy. Congress initiates free mail delivery in cities. * The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania marks a turning point in the Civil War, as Confederate forces retreat to the South after losing this important battle. 20 Jun 1863: The 35th state, West Virginia, was admitted into the United States on June 20, 1863
4	1865	1865: Civil War ends when Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia. Abraham Lincoln is killed by an assassin five days after the Civil War ends. The 13th Amendment abolishes enslavement in the United States.
5	1870	1870: The 15th amendment guarantees that no male citizen will be deprived of the right to vote because of race, color or previous condition of servitude. The United States Weather Bureau is established.
6	1873	1873: The rapid settlement of the West, after railroads are built there, helps make the American buffalo almost extinct. They are no longer extinct. They live on Cow Run.
7	1875	2 Jun 1875: In the 1870s, two inventors Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell both independently designed devices that could transmit speech electrically (the telephone). Both men rushed their respective designs to the patent office within hours of each other, Alexander Graham Bell patented his telephone first. Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell entered into a famous legal battle over the invention of the telephone, which Bell won.
8	1876	1876: United States celebrates 100 years as a nation. Almost 10 million people attend the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia, which featured recent American inventions and products. Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone. Gen. George Custer and his soldiers are killed in a battle with the Sioux Indians at the Little Big Horn in Montana.
9	1879	1879: Thomas Edison invents the first practical incandescent electric light at Menlo Park, New Jersey.
10	1883	1883: United States Supreme Court rules the Civil Rights Act of 1875, which prohibited discrimination in public places, to be unconstitutional. The United States and Canada substitute standardized time zones for local time to make it easier to coordinate railroad schedules. Brooklyn Bridge, hailed as the eighth wonder of the world, opens.
11	1886	1886: Statue of Liberty, a gift to the United States from France, is unveiled in New York City harbor.
12	1888	1888: A box camera, the first Kodak, is introduced for use by amateur photographers.
13	1890	1890: A New York newspaper reporter completes a journey around the world in 72 days.
14	1892	1892: Ellis Island opens in New York City and the first of 12 million immigrants passes through its doors, seeking a better life in America.
15	1893	1893: The Ferris wheel is introduced at the World's Fair in Chicago, Illinois.
16	1895	1895: In the first practical demonstration of of large-scale power generation, Westinghouse Electric Co. harnesses the power of Niagara Falls to supply low-cost energy for hundreds of miles.
17	1896	1896: Henry Ford drives his first automobile through the streets of Detroit, Michigan.
18	1901	1901: L. Frank Baum writes The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
19	1902	1902: Congress makes free mail delivery to rural residents a permanent part of the United States postal system.
20	1903	1903: Wright Brothers fly the first airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Henry Ford founds the Ford Motor Company and begins building Ford automobiles.
21	1904	1904: Ice cream cones are introduced at the St. Louis World's Fair.
22	1905	1905: The first nickelodeon, a theater where people could see a short "moving picture" for a nickel, opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
23	1908	1908: Henry Ford introduces his Model T automobile. Americans are singing hit songs like, "Take Me Out to the Ball Game."
24	1909	1909: Coffee, a favorite American beverage since the Civil War, is now marketed in an "instant" form.
25	1910	1910: World population surpasses 1.5 billion people, 850 million of whom live in Asia.
26	1912	14 Apr 1912: April 14-15: The Titanic, strikes an iceberg in the North Atlantic on its maiden voyage and sinks within hours; 1,517 of 2,100 passengers drown
27	1914	28 Jul 1914: World War I begins with Austria Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia
28	1915	21 Oct 1915: First transatlantic radio-telephone call is made between Arlington, Virginia and Paris, France
29	1917	6 Apr 1917: President Woodrow Wilson signs a declaration of war against Germany, bringing the U.S. into World War I
30	1918	11 Nov 1918: The eleventh month, the eleventh day and the eleventh hour of 1918, World War I ends with a declared armistice.
31	1919	1919: Shortwave radio is invented 4 Jan 1919: Jack Dempsey defeats Jess Willard in three rounds for the World Heavyweight Boxing championship 29 Jan 1919: The 18th Amendment to the Constitution is ratified prohibiting the manufacture, sale and transport of intoxicating liquors.
32	1922	26 Nov 1922: Excavation begins on the tomb of ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamen near Luxor, Egypt
33	1924	30 Nov 1924: Photographs sent in twenty minutes by radio from London to New York City
34	1927	6 Jan 1927: Wireless communication between London and New York City is established for public use
35	1929	29 Oct 1929: "Black Tuesday," the American stock market crashes plunging the country into the Great Depression
36	1932	1932: Chemists at the Imperial Chemical Industries in Great Britain synthesize the first plastic
37	1933	1933: Frequency modulation (FM radio) invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong. Stereo records invented. Richard M. Hollingshead builds a prototype drive-in movie theater in his driveway. 1933: The 18th Amendment to the Constitution is appealed. The Constitution was ratified in 1919, The 18th Amendment to the Constitution is appealed, prohibiting the manufacture, sale and transport of intoxicating liquors.
38	1934	19 Aug 1934: Adolf Hitler becomes President of Germany
39	1938	1938: The ballpoint pen invented by Ladislo Biro. Strobe lighting invented. Roy J. Plunkett invented tetrafluoroethylene polymers or Teflon. The Nescafé brand, which introduced a more advanced instant coffee refining process. The first working turboprop engine 26 May 1938: The Volkswagen (People's Car) factory dedicated in Wolfsburgh, Germany; this low cost, beetle designed by Ferdinand Porsche on commission from Adolf Hitler
40	1939	3 Sep 1939: Great Britain and France declare war on Germany; World War II begins
41	1941	1941: Konrad Zuse's Z3, the first computer controlled by software. Aerosol spray cans invented by American inventors, Lyle David Goodloe and W.N. Sullivan. 7 Dec 1941: Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor - Read the seech here Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy" Speech Listen to the speech here Day of Infamy Speech
42	1944	1944: Allies invade Normandy on D-Day (June 6). G.I. Bill of Rights enacted. Bretton Woods Conference creates International Monetary Fund and World Bank (July 1–22). Dumbarton Oaks Conference—U.S., British Commonwealth, and USSR propose establishment of United Nations (Aug. 21–Oct. 7). Battle of the Bulge (Dec. 16). Woody Guthrie records “This Land is Your Land.” Gunnar Myrdal's An American Dilemma.
43	1947	1947: Mobile phones first invented. Although cell phones were not sold commercially until 1983, AT&T came up with the idea way back. Bardeen, Brattain, and Shockley invent the transistor. Earl Silas Tupper patented the Tupperware seal.
44	1949	1949: Cake mix invented.
45	1950	31 Jan 1950: Truman orders development of hydrogen bomb Jun 1950: North Korean Communist forces invade South Korea (June 25). UN calls for cease-fire and asks UN members to assist South Korea (June 27). Truman orders U.S. forces into Korea (June 27). North Koreans capture Seoul (June 28). Gen. Douglas MacArthur designated commander of unified UN forces (July 8). Pusan Beachhead—UN forces counterattack and capture Seoul (Aug.–Sept.), capture Pyongyang, North Korean capital (Oct.). Chinese Communists enter war (Oct. 26), force UN retreat toward 38th parallel (Dec.)
46	1951	Mar 1951: Julius and Ethel Rosenberg sentenced to death for passing atomic secrets to Russians (March).
47	1952	1952: Edward Teller and team build the hydrogen bomb. 6 Feb 1952: George VI dies; his daughter becomes Elizabeth II
48	1953	1953: Armistice signed (July 27). Chinese troops withdraw from North Korea (Oct. 26, 1958), but over 200 violations of armistice noted to 1959. 5 1953: Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower inaugurated president of United States (Jan. 20) James Watson and Francis Crick publish their discovery of the molecular model of DNA (April–May).
49	1954	1954: First atomic submarine Nautilus launched (Jan. 21). Five U.S. congressmen shot on floor of House as Puerto Rican nationalists fire from spectators' gallery; all five recover (March 1).
50	1956	1956: Rosa Parks refuses to sit at the back of the bus. Martin Luther King, Jr., leads black boycott of Montgomery, Ala., bus system (Dec. 1); desegregated service begins Dec. 21, 1956. AFL and CIO become one organization—AFL-CIO (Dec. 5). Tennessee Williams's Cat on a Hot Tin Roof wins Pulitzer.
51	1957	1957: The “Little Rock Nine” integrate Arkansas high school. Eisenhower sends troops to quell mob and protect school integration (Sept. 24). Russians launch Sputnik I, first Earth-orbiting satellite—the Space Age begins (Oct. 4)
52	1960	1960: There are 900 U.S. military advisers in South Vietnam.
53	1961	1961: Alan B. Shepard, Jr., rockets 116.5 miles up in 302-mile trip (May 5). Virgil Grissom becomes second American astronaut, making 118-mile-high, 303-mile-long rocket flight over Atlantic (July 21). Gherman Stepanovich Titov is launched in Soviet spaceship Vostok II: makes 17 1/2 orbits in 25 hours, covering 434,960 miles before landing safely (Aug. 6). East Germans erect Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin to halt flood of refugees (Aug. 13).
54	1962	20 Feb 1962: John Herschel Glenn Jr.,born July 18, 1921, in Cambridge, Ohio,is a former astronaut and U.S. politician who became the first American to orbit the Earth on the Mercury 6 space mission , and later, United States Senator. Glenn began his career as a Marine Corps fighter pilot before joining NASA's Mercury program, NASA's original astronaut group. He orbited the Earth aboard Friendship 7 in 1962. After retiring from NASA, he ran as a Democrat and represented the state of Ohio in the United States Senate from 1974 to 1999.
55	1963	1963: Michael E. De Bakey implants artificial heart in human for first time at Houston hospital; plastic device functions and patient lives for four days (April 21). Pope John XXIII dies (June 3)—succeeded June 21 by Cardinal Montini, who becomes Paul VI. U.S. Supreme Court rules no locality may require recitation of Lord's Prayer or Bible verses in public schools (June 17). 22 Nov 1963: President Kennedy shot and killed by sniper in Dallas, Tex. Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president same day (Nov. 22). Lee Harvey Oswald, accused assassin of President Kennedy, is shot and killed by Jack Ruby, Dallas nightclub owner (Nov. 24). Kenya achieves independence. Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique. There are 15,000 U.S. military advisers in South Vietnam.
56	1965	1 Jul 1965: Medicare, senior citizens' government medical assistance program, begins
57	1968	1968: The computer mouse invented by Douglas Engelbart. The first computer with integrated circuits made. Robert Dennard invented RAM (random access memory). 1968: North Korea seizes U.S. Navy ship Pueblo; holds 83 on board as spies (Jan. 23). Tet offensive, turning point in Vietnam war (Jan.–Feb.). My Lai massacre (March 16). President Johnson announces he will not seek or accept presidential renomination (March 31). Martin Luther King, Jr., civil rights leader, is slain in Memphis (April 4)—James Earl Ray, indicted in murder, captured in London on June 8. In 1969 Ray pleads guilty and is sentenced to 99 years. Sen. Robert F. Kennedy is shot and critically wounded in Los Angeles hotel after winning California primary (June 5)—dies June 6. Sirhan B. Sirhan convicted 1969. 4 Jun 1968: Life sentence meted out to Terry Nichols, convicted in Oklahoma City bombing fatal to 168
58	1969	1969: Richard M. Nixon is inaugurated 37th president of the U.S. (Jan. 20). Apollo 11 astronauts—Neil A. Armstrong, Edwin E. Aldrin, Jr., and Michael Collins—take man's first walk on moon (July 20). Sen. Edward M. Kennedy pleads guilty to leaving scene of fatal accident at Chappaquiddick, Mass. (July 18), in which Mary Jo Kopechne was drowned—gets two-month suspended sentence (July 25). Woodstock Festival (Aug. 15–17). Sesame Street debuts. Internet (ARPA) goes online.